Journal of Psychological Dynamics in Mood Disorders

The Model of Academic Procrastination Based on School Climate, Social Support, and Psychological Coherence: The Mediating Role of Basic Psychological Needs

Hossein Rouzbahani iD , Beheshte niusha ^* iD , Fateme Shaterian Mohammadi iD

https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.pdmd.3.4.17

Objective: This study aimed to examine the model of academic procrastination based on school climate, social support, and psychological coherence, with the mediating role of basic psychological needs.

Methodology: The present study was fundamental in terms of its objective and employed a descriptive-correlational research design using structural equation modeling for data collection and analysis. The statistical population included all male and female high school students in District 1 of Tehran during the 2022–2023 academic year, selected through stratified sampling. Inclusion criteria consisted of providing informed consent, being enrolled in high school, and having mental health status confirmed by health records. Exclusion criteria included failure to sign the consent form, lack of cooperation, and incomplete questionnaire responses. The research instruments included the Academic Procrastination Questionnaire, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Psychological Coherence Questionnaire, the Social Support Scale, and the School Climate Scale. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS.v24 and AMOS.v23 software, with a significance level set at 0.05.

Findings: The findings indicated that school climate had both direct and indirect effects on academic procrastination, and the proposed model demonstrated a good fit.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that improving students' basic psychological needs reduces their academic procrastination. Furthermore, enhancing school climate leads to a reduction in the negative effects of academic procrastination among students. Additionally, the simultaneous improvement of basic psychological needs and school climate further mitigates the detrimental effects of academic procrastination. The structural model proposed in this study was effective in explaining and predicting academic procrastination among students.

Development and Identification of the Dimensions and Components of an Academic Well-Being Educational Package Tailored to Junior High School Students

Nairah Mohammadi Hosseini Nejad iD , Iqbal Zarei ^* iD , Azita Amirfakhrai iD

Objective: This study aimed to develop and identify the dimensions and components of an academic well-being educational package tailored to the developmental, cognitive, and cultural characteristics of junior high school students.

Methodology: This applied qualitative study employed an exploratory grounded theory design. Participants were 22 experts in educational psychology, academic counseling, curriculum planning, educational management, and child and adolescent psychology, selected through purposive theoretical sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Following informed consent, the interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Strauss and Corbin’s systematic approach through open, axial, and selective coding. MAXQDA software was used to manage and organize the qualitative data. Trustworthiness was established according to Lincoln and Guba’s criteria through expert review, member checking, and assessment of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.

Findings: The analysis identified five principal components of academic well-being: academic engagement, school satisfaction, academic competence, academic value, and academic anxiety. The first four components constituted the core of academic well-being, whereas academic anxiety emerged mainly as a consequence of deficiencies in these components. The resulting paradigmatic model comprised causal conditions, the central phenomenon of weakened academic well-being, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, educational strategies, and expected outcomes. The transition from primary to secondary school, pubertal changes, family and school factors, and cultural attitudes toward education were identified as major causal conditions. The proposed strategies emphasized engagement-oriented instruction, play-based and participatory activities, storytelling, short films, role-playing, practical projects, parental involvement, teacher coordination, and home–school transfer activities. Based on these findings, a 20-session educational package was organized into seven progressive stages. Its expected outcomes included increased subjective vitality and academic hope, improved academic performance and social relationships, and reduced avoidance behaviors.

Conclusion: The developed package provides a culturally adapted, participatory, and theoretically grounded framework for promoting academic well-being among students aged 12–15 years. It may guide school counselors, teachers, and educational planners in designing school-based interventions; however, its effectiveness should be evaluated through future experimental and quasi-experimental studies.

The Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) on Survivor Guilt and Psychological Well-Being with the Mediating Role of Self-Forgiveness in Older Adults Exposed to War Trauma

Amineh Jalali ^* iD , Leila Sadat Modarresi iD , Parisa Kolahi iD , Arsalan Barekat iD , Tayebeh Delshad iD , Soheila Rahmani iD

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) on reducing survivor guilt and improving psychological well-being through the mediating role of self-forgiveness among older adults exposed to war-related trauma.

Methodology: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and a control group. The statistical population consisted of elderly women residing in Kerman City during April 2026 who had experienced trauma related to the Ramadan Battle. A total of 30 participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of Compassion-Focused Therapy, while the control group remained on a waiting list. Research instruments included the Survivor Guilt Questionnaire, Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale, and the Heartland Self-Forgiveness Subscale. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and path analysis in SPSS version 27.

Findings: The results of repeated measures ANOVA indicated significant effects of time, group, and time-by-group interaction on survivor guilt, psychological well-being, and self-forgiveness (P<0.001). Findings demonstrated that Compassion-Focused Therapy significantly reduced survivor guilt and significantly increased psychological well-being and self-forgiveness in the experimental group compared to the control group. Furthermore, path analysis confirmed the significant mediating role of self-forgiveness in the relationship between CFT and survivor guilt reduction (indirect β=0.36), as well as between CFT and psychological well-being enhancement (indirect β=0.48). The stability of treatment effects was also confirmed at follow-up assessment.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that Compassion-Focused Therapy, by strengthening self-forgiveness processes, is an effective intervention for reducing the psychological consequences of war trauma among older adults. Through decreasing self-criticism and fostering a compassionate attitude toward the self, this intervention reduced survivor guilt and enhanced psychological well-being.

The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Cardiac Anxiety and Psychological Flexibility in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease with a Family History of Heart Disease

Mahrokh Ajorloo ^* iD

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in reducing cardiac anxiety and improving psychological flexibility among patients with coronary artery disease with a family history of heart disease.

Methodology: This quasi-experimental study used a pretest, posttest, and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of patients with coronary artery disease who had a family history of heart disease and referred to Imam Hossein Hospital. Thirty eligible patients were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group, with 15 participants in each group. The experimental group received an eight-session Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention, whereas the control group received no psychological intervention. Data were collected using the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II. The data were analyzed after testing statistical assumptions, using repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Findings: The multivariate test results indicated a significant effect of time on the study variables, with an eta squared value of 0.813. The interaction effect of time and group was also significant, with an eta squared value of 0.780. The within-group and between-group analyses showed that the effects of group, time, and the time × group interaction were significant for both cardiac anxiety and psychological flexibility. Bonferroni post hoc comparisons further indicated significant differences between pretest and posttest scores and between pretest and follow-up scores for both variables, confirming the effectiveness and persistence of the intervention effects over time.

Conclusion: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy appears to be an effective complementary psychological intervention for reducing cardiac anxiety and enhancing psychological flexibility in patients with coronary artery disease who have a family history of heart disease.

The Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention Based on the Iranian–Islamic Functional Family Model on the Psychological Capital of Couples Applying for Divorce

Marzieh Golbarian iD , Mokhtar Arefi ^* iD , Mahmood Goodarzi iD , Mohammad Sharaf Bayani iD

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on the Iranian–Islamic functional family model in enhancing the psychological capital of couples applying for divorce.

Methodology: This applied study employed a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all couples applying for divorce who referred to the court in Kermanshah in 2022. A total of 30 couples were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to an experimental group (15 couples) and a control group (15 couples). Data were collected using the Luthans (2007) Psychological Capital Questionnaire, which measures hope, optimism, self-efficacy, and resilience. The experimental group participated in a 10-session educational program based on the Iranian–Islamic functional family model, while the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS version 25, and statistical assumptions including normality and homogeneity of variances were verified.

Findings: After controlling for pretest scores, ANCOVA results indicated a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups at posttest, demonstrating a significant effect of the intervention on psychological capital (F=1672.055, p<0.01). The effect size indicated a strong impact of the intervention, leading to rejection of the null hypothesis.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that an educational intervention grounded in the Iranian–Islamic functional family model, emphasizing cultural, spiritual, and relational values, significantly enhances the psychological capital of couples applying for divorce and can serve as an effective indigenous strategy in counseling and marital crisis intervention contexts.

The Relationship Between Body Image Concern and Sexual Satisfaction with the Moderating Role of Sexual Mindfulness

Zohreh Ghanbari iD , Simin Hosseinian ^* iD , Azadeh Taheri iD

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between body image concern and sexual satisfaction, with a focus on the moderating role of sexual mindfulness among married university students.

Methodology: This research employed a descriptive–correlational design using structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of married students from Alzahra University and the University of Tehran in 2022, from which 306 participants were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using the Sexual Satisfaction Scale by Hudson and Harrison (1981), the Sexual Mindfulness Scale by Adam et al. (2015), and the Body Image Concern Inventory by Littleton et al. (2005). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24.

Findings: The results revealed a significant negative relationship between body image concern and sexual satisfaction (β = -0.26, p < 0.05). Sexual mindfulness was positively and significantly associated with sexual satisfaction (β = 0.95, p = 0.001) and negatively related to body image concern (β = -0.34, p < 0.05). Furthermore, moderation analysis indicated that sexual mindfulness significantly moderated the relationship between body image concern and sexual satisfaction, with stronger negative effects observed at lower levels of mindfulness.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that sexual mindfulness functions as a protective factor that mitigates the negative impact of body image concern on sexual satisfaction. Enhancing sexual mindfulness in psychological and counseling interventions may improve marital relationship quality and promote greater sexual satisfaction among couples.

Examining the Mediating Role of Dysfunctional Attitudes and Social Comparison in the Relationship Between Perfectionism and Internet Addiction Among Women

Kiana Sadat Homayoon iD , Nooshin Pordelan ^* iD , Roghieh Nooripour iD

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of dysfunctional attitudes and social comparison in the relationship between dimensions of perfectionism and internet addiction among women.

Methodology: This study employed a descriptive–correlational design based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population consisted of women aged 18 years and older living in Tehran in 2025 who actively used the internet and social media. A total of 431 participants were selected using convenience sampling. Data collection instruments included Young’s Internet Addiction Test, the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the 26-item Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, and the Social Comparison Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27 and AMOS version 24. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to evaluate the factorial structure of the instruments, and SEM was applied to test the conceptual relationships among variables. In addition, the Sobel test was used to assess the significance of mediating effects.

Findings: The findings demonstrated that the proposed conceptual model had an excellent fit with the data (χ²/df=1.058, CFI=0.995, RMSEA=0.012). All direct paths between perfectionism dimensions, dysfunctional attitudes, social comparison, and internet addiction were statistically significant (P<0.001). Socially prescribed perfectionism showed the strongest effects on dysfunctional attitudes (β=0.432) and social comparison (β=0.560). Furthermore, social comparison (β=0.365) and dysfunctional attitudes (β=0.256) significantly predicted internet addiction. Sobel test results confirmed the significant mediating roles of dysfunctional attitudes and social comparison in the relationships between self-oriented perfectionism (Z=6.12), other-oriented perfectionism (Z=4.54), socially prescribed perfectionism (Z=8.91), and internet addiction. The indirect effects were 0.173, 0.119, and 0.315, respectively, indicating partial mediation within the structural model.

Conclusion: The results indicated that perfectionism contributes to internet addiction among women through the reinforcement of dysfunctional attitudes and increased social comparison. Cognitive and social processes appear to play critical roles in the development of problematic internet use. Therefore, interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive beliefs, reducing harmful social comparison, and managing maladaptive perfectionism may help prevent or reduce internet addiction. The findings further emphasize the importance of cognitive–social approaches in understanding behavioral addictions among women.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Group Therapy and Group Logotherapy on Psychological Well-Being among Older Adults

Morteza Haghshenas iD , Hossein Mahdian ^* iD , Seyyed Hamid Nabavi iD

Objective: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of compassion-focused group therapy and group logotherapy on the psychological well-being of men aged over 65 years attending daytime welfare centers in Bojnord.

Methods and Materials: This study employed a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of older adult men over 65 years old attending daytime centers affiliated with the Welfare Organization in Bojnord. A total of 45 participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned into three 15-member groups: compassion-focused group therapy, group logotherapy, and control group. Data were collected using Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale. Compassion-focused therapy was implemented in eight 90-minute sessions based on Gilbert’s protocol, while group logotherapy was conducted in ten one-hour sessions following Frankl’s approach. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene’s test, and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS software.

Findings: The results of covariance analysis indicated a significant difference among the three groups regarding psychological well-being (F=4.923, P=0.012). Both therapeutic interventions significantly improved the psychological well-being of older adults compared with the control group. Bonferroni post hoc analysis demonstrated that the adjusted mean score of psychological well-being in the compassion-focused therapy group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P=0.012). Similarly, the logotherapy group showed a significant difference compared with the control group (P=0.032). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the compassion-focused therapy and logotherapy groups (P=1.00). The effect size for compassion-focused therapy was 29%, while the effect size for logotherapy was 18.1%, indicating the substantial effectiveness of both interventions in enhancing psychological well-being among older adults.

Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that both compassion-focused group therapy and group logotherapy are effective psychological interventions for improving psychological well-being among older adults. Although both approaches significantly enhanced well-being, compassion-focused therapy showed relatively greater effectiveness. Therefore, integrating these psychological interventions into elderly care and rehabilitation centers may contribute significantly to improving mental health, life satisfaction, and overall quality of life in older populations.

Journal of Psychological Dynamics in Mood Disorders

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The Effectiveness of a Systemic Therapy–Based Intervention on Reducing Anxiety and Increasing Hope in Life among Patients with Thalassemia

The Effectiveness of the Maher Crystallized Intelligence Psycho-Cognitive Abilities Enhancement Package on Marital Conflict in Couples Referring to Counseling Clinics

Comparing the Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Grief Symptoms and Parenting Stress among the Wives of Martyrs Defending the Shrine

The Diagnostic Validity of the Fifth Edition of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test in Students with Specific Learning Disorder

The Effectiveness of Group Training Based on Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) on Anxiety Sensitivity, Aggression, and Depression in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome

Intergenerational Transfer of Early Maladaptive Mother–Daughter Schemas: The Mediating Role of Temperament and Perceived Parenting Experiences

Comparing the Effects of Attributional Retraining and Cognitive–Behavioral Play Therapy on Problem Solving in Students with Specific Learning Disabilities in the Second Grade of Elementary School

The effectiveness of short-term dynamic psychotherapy on anxiety sensitivity and depressive symptoms in women with diabetes.

Modeling Transdiagnostic Predictors of Emotional Disorder Symptoms in Clients of Psychological Clinics in Hamedan

The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence, Rumination, and Marital Intimacy With Quality of Life Among Nurses in Rasht

The Effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy on Resilience and Quality of Life of Mothers of Students with Specific Learning Disabilities

Comparison of Emotional Schemas and Suicidal Ideation in Patients with Severe and Mild Chronic Pain, With and Without Pain Acceptance

The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on Marital Conflicts, Marital Intimacy, and Marital Satisfaction in Couples Experiencing Emotional Divorce

The Relationship Between Problematic Social Media Use and Academic Burnout with the Mediating Role of Technostress Among University Students

The Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Group Couple Therapy on Marital Adjustment, Communication Patterns, and Sexual Satisfaction in Couples with Marital Conflicts

Investigating the Causal Relationship between Cyber Victimization Based on Loneliness with Internet Addiction as a Mediator among Male High School Students in Districts 4 and 7 of Tehran

Modeling the Relationship between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms and Psychological Distress with the Mediating Role of Dissociative Experiences in Students

Predicting Pain Tolerance Based on Spiritual Health and Self-Efficacy in Cancer Patients

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