مقایسه اثربخشی واقعیت درمانی و درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر معنای زندگی در سالمندان مراجعه کننده به مراکز روزانه توانبخشی تهران

نویسندگان

    سمیه عظیمی گروه روانشناسی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران.
    ستار کیخاونی گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، ایلام، ایران.
    وحید احمدی * گروه روانشناسی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران Vahid_ahmadi20@yahoo.com
    ساره میرشکار گروه روانشناسی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران.

کلمات کلیدی:

درمان پذیرش و تعهد, سالمندان, معنای زندگی, واقعیت درمانی

چکیده

هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر مقایسه اثربخشی واقعیت‌درمانی و درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر معنای زندگی در سالمندان مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز روزانه توانبخشی در تهران بود.

روش‌شناسی: این پژوهش نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون، پس‌آزمون و پیگیری با گروه گواه بود. ۹۰ سالمند (۶۵ تا ۸۰ سال) با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب و به‌صورت تصادفی در سه گروه (دو گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل) تقسیم شدند. گروه‌های آزمایش، به ترتیب تحت آموزش ۸ جلسه ۹۰ دقیقه‌ای واقعیت‌درمانی و درمان پذیرش و تعهد قرار گرفتند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها، پرسشنامه معنای زندگی استیگر و همکاران (۲۰۰۶) بود. داده‌ها با تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر تحلیل شدند.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که در مراحل پس‌آزمون و پیگیری، تفاوت معناداری در نمرات معنای زندگی بین گروه‌های آزمایش و گروه کنترل وجود داشت (P<0.05). هر دو روش درمانی باعث افزایش معنادار در مؤلفه‌های «وجود معنا» و «جستجوی معنا» شدند. مقایسه بین دو رویکرد درمانی نشان داد تفاوت معناداری در تأثیر آن‌ها بر معنای زندگی وجود ندارد (P>0.05)، اما هر دو در مقایسه با گروه گواه تأثیر مثبت و پایداری داشتند.

نتیجه‌گیری: واقعیت‌درمانی و درمان پذیرش و تعهد هر دو در ارتقاء معنای زندگی سالمندان مؤثر هستند و می‌توانند به عنوان مداخلات روان‌شناختی مؤثر در مراکز توانبخشی سالمندان مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

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